守护进程的初始化，准备创建 worker 进程
2015-01-05 20:49:19 最后更新: 2015-01-08 16:59:18 访问数量：988
外围设置
// 创建PID文件，写入当前 pid
if (ngx_create_pidfile(&ccf->pid, cycle->log) != NGX_OK) {
return 1;
}
// 确认 cycle->log 是否可用
if (ngx_log_redirect_stderr(cycle) != NGX_OK) {
return 1;
}
if (log->file->fd != ngx_stderr) {
if (ngx_close_file(log->file->fd) == NGX_FILE_ERROR) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
ngx_close_file_n " built-in log failed");
}
}
经过上述两个过程 -- 创建PID文件并写入PID、确认 cycle->log 可用，之后即可进入到 worker 进程的创建工作了
master 进程核心工作 -- ngx_master_process_cycle
这里我们先介绍 ngx_master_process_cycle 这个函数，即在多进程环境下运行的情况，如果在配置文件中更改配置为单进程模式，则此处将执行 ngx_single_process_cycle 函数
// void ngx_master_process_cycle(ngx_cycle_t *cycle)
// master 进程核心工作 {{{
void
ngx_master_process_cycle(ngx_cycle_t *cycle)
{
char *title;
u_char *p;
size_t size;
ngx_int_t i;
ngx_uint_t n, sigio;
sigset_t set;
struct itimerval itv;
ngx_uint_t live;
ngx_msec_t delay;
ngx_listening_t *ls;
ngx_core_conf_t *ccf;
// 屏蔽某些信号
sigemptyset(&set);
sigaddset(&set, SIGCHLD);
sigaddset(&set, SIGALRM);
sigaddset(&set, SIGIO);
sigaddset(&set, SIGINT);
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_RECONFIGURE_SIGNAL));
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_REOPEN_SIGNAL));
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_NOACCEPT_SIGNAL));
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_TERMINATE_SIGNAL));
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL));
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_CHANGEBIN_SIGNAL));
if (sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &set, NULL) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
"sigprocmask() failed");
}
sigemptyset(&set);
size = sizeof(master_process);
for (i = 0; i < ngx_argc; i++) {
size += ngx_strlen(ngx_argv[i]) + 1;
}
title = ngx_pnalloc(cycle->pool, size);
if (title == NULL) {
/* fatal */
exit(2);
}
p = ngx_cpymem(title, master_process, sizeof(master_process) - 1);
for (i = 0; i < ngx_argc; i++) {
*p++ = ' ';
p = ngx_cpystrn(p, (u_char *) ngx_argv[i], size);
}
// 设置进程名
// nginx: master process /home/zeyu/Workspace/nginx-1.7.7/objs/nginx
ngx_setproctitle(title);
ccf = (ngx_core_conf_t *) ngx_get_conf(cycle->conf_ctx, ngx_core_module);
ngx_start_worker_processes(cycle, ccf->worker_processes,
NGX_PROCESS_RESPAWN);
ngx_start_cache_manager_processes(cycle, 0);
ngx_new_binary = 0;
delay = 0;
sigio = 0;
live = 1;
for ( ;; ) {
if (delay) {
if (ngx_sigalrm) {
sigio = 0;
delay *= 2;
ngx_sigalrm = 0;
}
ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0,
"termination cycle: %d", delay);
itv.it_interval.tv_sec = 0;
itv.it_interval.tv_usec = 0;
itv.it_value.tv_sec = delay / 1000;
itv.it_value.tv_usec = (delay % 1000 ) * 1000;
if (setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &itv, NULL) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
"setitimer() failed");
}
}
ngx_log_debug0(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0, "sigsuspend");
sigsuspend(&set);
ngx_time_update();
ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0,
"wake up, sigio %i", sigio);
if (ngx_reap) {
ngx_reap = 0;
ngx_log_debug0(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0, "reap children");
live = ngx_reap_children(cycle);
}
if (!live && (ngx_terminate || ngx_quit)) {
ngx_master_process_exit(cycle);
}
if (ngx_terminate) {
if (delay == 0) {
delay = 50;
}
if (sigio) {
sigio--;
continue;
}
sigio = ccf->worker_processes + 2 /* cache processes */;
if (delay > 1000) {
ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle, SIGKILL);
} else {
ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,
ngx_signal_value(NGX_TERMINATE_SIGNAL));
}
continue;
}
if (ngx_quit) {
ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,
ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL));
ls = cycle->listening.elts;
for (n = 0; n < cycle->listening.nelts; n++) {
if (ngx_close_socket(ls[n].fd) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, cycle->log, ngx_socket_errno,
ngx_close_socket_n " %V failed",
&ls[n].addr_text);
}
}
cycle->listening.nelts = 0;
continue;
}
if (ngx_reconfigure) {
ngx_reconfigure = 0;
if (ngx_new_binary) {
ngx_start_worker_processes(cycle, ccf->worker_processes,
NGX_PROCESS_RESPAWN);
ngx_start_cache_manager_processes(cycle, 0);
ngx_noaccepting = 0;
continue;
}
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "reconfiguring");
cycle = ngx_init_cycle(cycle);
if (cycle == NULL) {
cycle = (ngx_cycle_t *) ngx_cycle;
continue;
}
ngx_cycle = cycle;
ccf = (ngx_core_conf_t *) ngx_get_conf(cycle->conf_ctx,
ngx_core_module);
ngx_start_worker_processes(cycle, ccf->worker_processes,
NGX_PROCESS_JUST_RESPAWN);
ngx_start_cache_manager_processes(cycle, 1);
/* allow new processes to start */
ngx_msleep(100);
live = 1;
ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,
ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL));
}
if (ngx_restart) {
ngx_restart = 0;
ngx_start_worker_processes(cycle, ccf->worker_processes,
NGX_PROCESS_RESPAWN);
ngx_start_cache_manager_processes(cycle, 0);
live = 1;
}
if (ngx_reopen) {
ngx_reopen = 0;
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "reopening logs");
ngx_reopen_files(cycle, ccf->user);
ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,
ngx_signal_value(NGX_REOPEN_SIGNAL));
}
if (ngx_change_binary) {
ngx_change_binary = 0;
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "changing binary");
ngx_new_binary = ngx_exec_new_binary(cycle, ngx_argv);
}
if (ngx_noaccept) {
ngx_noaccept = 0;
ngx_noaccepting = 1;
ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,
ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL));
}
}
} // }}}
主要执行了以下工作：
屏蔽信号
为了保证 daemon 进程的持续执行，一些信号是必须屏蔽的，以防止进程被意外中断，或收到发送给 worker 进程的信号
// 屏蔽某些信号
sigemptyset(&set);
sigaddset(&set, SIGCHLD);
sigaddset(&set, SIGALRM);
sigaddset(&set, SIGIO);
sigaddset(&set, SIGINT);
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_RECONFIGURE_SIGNAL));
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_REOPEN_SIGNAL));
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_NOACCEPT_SIGNAL));
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_TERMINATE_SIGNAL));
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL));
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_CHANGEBIN_SIGNAL));
if (sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &set, NULL) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
"sigprocmask() failed");
}
sigemptyset(&set);
- 一些信号宏的定义
为了增加可移植性和代码的可读性，一些信号使用了宏来定义:
#define NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL QUIT
#define NGX_TERMINATE_SIGNAL TERM
#define NGX_NOACCEPT_SIGNAL WINCH
#define NGX_RECONFIGURE_SIGNAL HUP
#if (NGX_LINUXTHREADS)
#define NGX_REOPEN_SIGNAL INFO
#define NGX_CHANGEBIN_SIGNAL XCPU
#else
#define NGX_REOPEN_SIGNAL USR1
#define NGX_CHANGEBIN_SIGNAL USR2
#endif
设定进程名 -- ngx_setproctitle
size = sizeof(master_process);
for (i = 0; i < ngx_argc; i++) {
size += ngx_strlen(ngx_argv[i]) + 1;
}
title = ngx_pnalloc(cycle->pool, size);
if (title == NULL) {
/* fatal */
exit(2);
}
p = ngx_cpymem(title, master_process, sizeof(master_process) - 1);
for (i = 0; i < ngx_argc; i++) {
*p++ = ' ';
p = ngx_cpystrn(p, (u_char *) ngx_argv[i], size);
}
// 设置进程名
// nginx: master process /home/zeyu/Workspace/nginx-1.7.7/objs/nginx
ngx_setproctitle(title);
这个函数执行后，进程名中会带有所有的调用参数和执行文件的完整路径，如下：
nginx: master process /home/zeyu/Workspace/nginx-1.7.7/objs/nginx
// void ngx_setproctitle(char *title)
// 设置进程名 {{{
void
ngx_setproctitle(char *title)
{
u_char *p;
#if (NGX_SOLARIS)
ngx_int_t i;
size_t size;
#endif
ngx_os_argv[1] = NULL;
p = ngx_cpystrn((u_char *) ngx_os_argv[0], (u_char *) "nginx: ",
ngx_os_argv_last - ngx_os_argv[0]);
p = ngx_cpystrn(p, (u_char *) title, ngx_os_argv_last - (char *) p);
#if (NGX_SOLARIS)
size = 0;
for (i = 0; i < ngx_argc; i++) {
size += ngx_strlen(ngx_argv[i]) + 1;
}
if (size > (size_t) ((char *) p - ngx_os_argv[0])) {
/*
* ngx_setproctitle() is too rare operation so we use
* the non-optimized copies
*/
p = ngx_cpystrn(p, (u_char *) " (", ngx_os_argv_last - (char *) p);
for (i = 0; i < ngx_argc; i++) {
p = ngx_cpystrn(p, (u_char *) ngx_argv[i],
ngx_os_argv_last - (char *) p);
p = ngx_cpystrn(p, (u_char *) " ", ngx_os_argv_last - (char *) p);
}
if (*(p - 1) == ' ') {
*(p - 1) = ')';
}
}
#endif
if (ngx_os_argv_last - (char *) p) {
ngx_memset(p, NGX_SETPROCTITLE_PAD, ngx_os_argv_last - (char *) p);
}
ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_CORE, ngx_cycle->log, 0,
"setproctitle: \"%s\"", ngx_os_argv[0]);
} // }}}
该段程序将需要设置的进程名复制到 argv[0]，即可完成进程名的更改
创建 worker 进程 -- ngx_start_worker_processes
ccf = (ngx_core_conf_t *) ngx_get_conf(cycle->conf_ctx, ngx_core_module);
// 启动 worker
ngx_start_worker_processes(cycle, ccf->worker_processes,
NGX_PROCESS_RESPAWN);
daemon 进程调用 ngx_start_worker_processes 创建了 worker 进程
// static void ngx_start_worker_processes(ngx_cycle_t *cycle, ngx_int_t n, ngx_int_t type)
// 启动 worker 进程 {{{
static void
ngx_start_worker_processes(ngx_cycle_t *cycle, ngx_int_t n, ngx_int_t type)
{
ngx_int_t i;
ngx_channel_t ch;
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "start worker processes");
ngx_memzero(&ch, sizeof(ngx_channel_t));
ch.command = NGX_CMD_OPEN_CHANNEL;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
ngx_spawn_process(cycle, ngx_worker_process_cycle,
(void *) (intptr_t) i, "worker process", type);
ch.pid = ngx_processes[ngx_process_slot].pid;
ch.slot = ngx_process_slot;
ch.fd = ngx_processes[ngx_process_slot].channel[0];
ngx_pass_open_channel(cycle, &ch);
}
} // }}}
在该函数中，循环调用 ngx_spawn_process 函数创建了每一个 worker 进程
创建文件cache管理进程 -- ngx_start_cache_manager_processes
ngx_start_cache_manager_processes 这个函数与 ngx_start_worker_processes 非常相似，为文件创建缓存管理进程
nginx 的缓存实现较为简单，全部都是使用文件来对后端的response进行cache，因此nginx相比varnish以及squid之类的专门做cache的server，可能效果不会那么好
具体的 nginx 缓存机制，我们后面再来讨论